- National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) data from 2011-12 round of India Human Development Survey (IHDS) shows families with Rs 1.5 lakh per annum income richest 20 % Indians
- Despite growth in income in last 7 years access to public services severely lacks(as per data collected from 42,000 households across the country).
- NCAER estimates houseold income, where is Centre’s National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) collects data on consumption expenditure, often used as a proxy for income.
- 80 % of households NCAER had interviewed in 2004-05 were the same in 2011-12 as well.
- Statistics looked something like:
Earning 2004-05 2011-12 Rs 25,000 Middle Class Poorest 20% Rs 75,000 Richest 20% Middle Class Rs 1,50,000 N/A Richest 20% - Situation on public services front is still grim. Piped water available indoors has grown by only 2% and is now available to 27% households.
- In urban areas, piped water is available to between 50-66% of families.
- Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Delhi have the highest coverage of families for piped water (60%). Delhi gives its residents water for the most number of hours in a day.
- Toilet coverage:
- Kerala (92% – Highest)
- Delhi (79%)
- Punjab (74%).
- Availability of electricity is becoming universal (83% households have access). J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi have 100% access to ‘some electricity’. Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Kerala, Delhi and Gujarat lead the country in terms of supply of 18 hours or more.
Exams Perspective:
- National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER)
- National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)
- Electricity Generation
- Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
- Human Development Index (HDI)